Hypoallergenic diet for children and adults - food, allowed and prohibited menu

The pressing problem of modern people is allergies. This is a kind of response of the body to the action of special substances called allergens. A person finds them when breathing, when eating or in contact with the skin. Allergies can affect men and women, children and adults. The main method of treatment and prevention is a diet with a hypoallergenic diet. It is suitable not only for allergy sufferers, but also for nursing mothers, who can improve the quality of breast milk with the help of such a menu.

What is a hypoallergenic diet?

In medicine, allergy is a condition in which there is an increased sensitivity to external or internal stimuli. In this case, the human body perceives a harmless substance as an antigen. Even with minimal contact of a person with an allergen, large amounts of IgE are produced. The mechanism of formation of an allergic reaction:

1. Immunoglobulin IgE, upon first contact with an allergen, detects and combines it with mast cells and basophils (cells of the immune system).
2. The result is complex. It consists of allergens, IgE, and mast cells or basophils.
3. Complexes with basophils with the bloodstream penetrate into various organs: the skin, nose, lungs, stomach, and with mast cells remain immobile.
4. After re-entering the body, basophils and mast cells secrete special substances - histamine and serotonin. They are necessary to combat irritation.

Histamine with serotonin and causes allergic reactions: spasm of smooth muscles and expansion of capillaries, which leads to thickening of the blood and edema. Since allergies are often caused by food, diet should be included in the treatment regimen, in addition to antihistamines. It also plays an important role in allergic reactions to drugs used in raising birds and animals (antibiotics, salicylates). The diet is based on the following principles:

• exclusion of products containing cross and causal allergens;
• eat only fresh produce;
• rejection of histaminoliberators - products that cause the digestive tract to secrete histamine from its cells: chocolate, cow's milk, coffee, wheat bran, orange juice;
• restriction in the diet of animal protein;
• exclusion of preservatives and products with colourants, preservatives and flavours;
• restriction of simple carbohydrates, salt, fried foods, spicy and salty foods, alcohol;
• rejection of histamine carriers - foods with a high level of histamine composition (tomatoes, strawberries, hazelnuts, cocoa, spinach).

General principles

For allergy sufferers, there is a special diet - table number 5 GA (hypoallergenic). It is based on the No. therapeutic diet. 5, which is prescribed for diseases of the biliary system and liver. Adults should eat according to the principle of table number 5 for 3 weeks, children - 10 days. This is enough to permanently eliminate allergic manifestations. In the future, the diet is built taking into account the following principles:

• When symptoms begin to subside, you can switch from allergy-resistant foods to a less restrictive diet and gradually expand your diet to foods with moderate allergenic activity.
• First, boiled low-fat white fish, bread, fresh onions, fruit puree, compote are introduced.
• Throughout the diet, food is boiled or steamed. Frying and baking will increase the allergen content.
• Nutrition must be complete in terms of protein, fat and slow carbohydrates.
• Each new diet product is introduced no more than once every 3 days. If there is no negative reaction to it, you can leave it in the menu.
• The optimal choice of nutrition is fractional, where the number of meals per day reaches 5-6 times.
• Products containing easily digestible carbohydrates are completely prohibited: sweets, honey, jam, chocolate. Instead of sugar, you can use aspartame, saccharin, or xylitol.
• If the cause of the allergy is not identified, then all causally significant allergens should be excluded: strawberries, nuts, chocolate, honey, eggs, seafood, caviar, citrus fruits, melons, tomatoes.
• It is important to enrich the diet with calcium, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. This trace element is found in cottage cheese, a fermented milk product.
• All dishes containing allergen products are not included in the diet menu. For example, if the reaction manifests itself in eggs, then you should give up cream, mayonnaise, casseroles, rich flour products.

Indication

Diet is not only effective for food allergies. A special diet helps reduce the influence of allergens and other groups (medicine, mold, pollen, household). On the diet, a person reduces the risk of an increase in the clinical symptoms of the following diseases:

• Quincke's edema;
• allergic rhinitis;
• itchy rash;
• pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, in which the process of assimilation of nutrients is disturbed;
• atopic dermatitis;
• bronchial asthma;
• hay fever.

List of hypoallergenic foods

When preparing the first course, it is recommended to use vegetable broth without frying. He must be weak, i. e. after 1-2 boiling, the water is drained. It is allowed to add various garden herbs. From cereals it is useful to use oatmeal, buckwheat, buckwheat. Potatoes are allowed as a side dish in the form of mashed potatoes, but only cooked in water. From fermented milk products, you can use fresh low-fat cottage cheese, yogurt without additives.

To enrich the body with fat, you need to include sunflower or olive oil in the diet. Pasta should only be made from durum wheat. Other hypoallergenic products:

Name	Calories per 100 g, kcal	Fat per 100 g, g	Carbs per 100 g, g	Protein per 100 g, g
Vegetables, spices
Eggplant	24	0. 1	4, 5	1, 2
Zucchini	24	0, 3	4. 6	0. 6
Cucumber	15	0. 1	2. 8	0. 8
Cabbage	27	0. 1	0. 1	1. 8
Pumpkin	19	0. 1	4. 3	0. 6
Broccoli	28	0. 4	5. 2	3. 0
Celery	12	0. 1	2. 1	0. 9
nuts	284	1. 5	42, 7	24. 0
Garlic	143	0. 5	29. 9	6. 5
Asparagus	twenty	0. 1	3. 1	1. 9
Onion	41	0, 0	10. 4	1. 4
peas	123	0. 5	21. 5	7. 8
Cereals
Oatmeal	342	6. 1	59. 5	12. 3
Buckwheat	313	3. 3	62. 1	12. 6
Wheat bran	296	3. 8	53. 6	15. 1
Semolina	328	1. 0	73. 3	10. 3
Cereals	366	7. 2	69. 3	11. 9
Fruits
Peach	46	0. 1	11. 3	0. 9
Nectarines	48	0. 2	11. 8	0. 9
Apple	47	0. 4	9. 8	0. 4
Pear	42	0. 2	10. 9	0. 4
Dairy products
Kefir 0%	thirty	0. 1	3. 8	3. 0
Kefir 1%	40	1. 0	4. 0	2. 8
curd 0. 6%	88	0. 6	1. 8	18. 0
Meat
Boiled chicken	170	7. 4	0, 0	25. 2
Boiled turkey fillet	130	1. 0	0, 0	25. 0
Beef stew	254	16. 8	0, 0	25. 8
Beef stew	232	18. 3	0, 0	16. 8
A fish
Flounder	90	3. 0	0, 0	15. 7
A type of pecak fish	103	3. 0	0, 0	18. 9
cod	69	0. 6	0, 0	16. 0
Seaweed	49	5. 1	0, 0	0. 8
Drink
rosehip juice	70	0, 0	17. 6	0. 1

Prohibited food

The list of prohibited foods includes fish and meat broth. It is also important to refuse a hypoallergenic diet of fatty varieties of red meat, poultry (goose and duck), whole milk and most types of sausages. Strong allergens are citrus fruits, candy, seafood (squid, shellfish, shrimp). The same goes for all salty, pickled, canned foods. The prohibition also includes:

• red currant;
• lemon, mango, grape, grapefruit, pomegranate, banana, orange, tangerine;
• nuts, raisins;
• carrots, pepper salad, tomatoes;
• White rice;
• jam, candy, ice cream, cake;
• condensed milk, sour cream 30%, 40%, cheese, cottage cheese 18%;
• vinegar, mayonnaise;
• lamb, smoked chicken, sausages, sausages, lard;
• semi-finished and canned fish, mackerel, sardines, caviar;
• margarine, coconut and palm oil butter;
• white desserts and dry wine, vodka, cognac, beer, liquor;
• cola, coffee, pepsi, sprite;
• cranberry.

Hypoallergenic diet menu

Keeping a food diary can help relieve allergies when eating hypoallergenic foods. In it, you can record the food or foods used for the diet and their reactions. Because of this, it is possible to accurately identify allergens and exclude them from your menu. Plus, a diary makes it easy to keep track of how varied your diet is. This is important because scientists have found that with the same diet, the chances of developing allergies are higher. In the diary, you can prescribe several options for a hypoallergenic diet menu, and then buy only the necessary ingredients.

For children

A hypoallergenic menu for a child is created according to the same principles as for an adult. There is only one important difference - with long-term adherence to such a diet, there is a high risk of a lack of protein, carbohydrates and micronutrients. This causes a delay in physical development. Table number 5 is used depending on the state of health for 7-10 days just for starters. Then the doctor selects an individual hypoallergenic product for the child. Menu options:

Diet menu options	Breakfast	Dinner	Dinner
1	Thick buckwheat porridge, cheese, apples, tea.	Potato soup with noodles, steamed cutlets with boiled vegetables, compote.	Boiled meat with boiled potatoes, tea.
2	Wheat flakes in water, dry crackers.	Lean beef soup without carrots, corn salad, Chinese cabbage and cucumber salad.	Steamed beef dumplings with boiled cauliflower, compote.
3	Buckwheat flakes with kefir.	Mashed potatoes in water, boiled cauliflower, lean veal, berry jelly.	Chicken stew with peas and vegetables.

For adults

If the hypoallergenic diet for children lasts 7-10 days, then adults can follow it longer - up to 2-3 weeks. The menus in both cases have practically no differences, since the same list of anti-allergic products was used for their construction. Diet options for the day for adults:

Menu Options	Breakfast	Dinner	Dinner
1	Buckwheat mashed porridge, green tea with croutons, baked apple.	Steamed chicken cutlet, vegetable soup, rosehip broth.	Vinaigrette, tea with diet cake.
2	Semolina porridge on water, fresh low-fat cottage cheese, apple juice with crackers.	Cutlets, vegetable soup with buckwheat porridge, tea with biscuit crackers.	Puree peas, meatballs.
3	Cottage cheese casserole, kefir.	Veal chops, buckwheat porridge, vegetable soup.	Cabbage and zucchini soup, steamed cutlets, rosehip broth.

Hypoallergenic prescription

The basic principle for choosing a recipe is that ready-to-eat food should have a beneficial effect on the digestive tract. For this reason, salting, fermenting and fermenting are completely excluded. Steaming or boiling is considered gentle on the stomach. Such a method of preparation helps to reduce the allergic activity of the ingredients used. Fruits and vegetables are also best eaten not raw, but boiled or grilled.

First

Especially soups are included in the list of the first hypoallergenic dishes. Potatoes are often used for cooking. It is recommended to soak it in cold water first. It takes several hours to reduce the amount of starch in the vegetables. Soup stock should be second or third. This means that after boiling, the liquid is drained 1-2 times. So the fat content of the finished soup will be much lower.

Vegetable soup with buckwheat porridge

The uniqueness of this soup lies in a special ingredient - celery. Dishes with it are often found in different diets, including hypoallergenic ones. Celery tastes like carrots with parsley. The leaves have a spicy and fresh aroma. The benefits of celery are manifested not only for allergies, but also for weight loss. In the soup according to this recipe, it is combined with potatoes, cabbage and dill. Garlic adds a little spice to cooking.

Ingredients:

• onions - 0, 5-1 pcs. ;
• white cabbage - 100 g;
• chopped wheat groats (bulgur) - 50 g;
• celery - 1 small root;
• water - 1, 5-1, 6 liters;
• potato tubers - 3 pieces;
• dill or other greens - 1 branch;
• cloves of garlic - 2 pcs.

Cooking method:

1. Boil water, dip bulgur in it.
2. Next, cut the peeled potatoes and add them to the broth.
3. Peel the onion, chop finely, add the rest of the ingredients.
4. Rinse the celery, dip into the broth.
5. Once it boils again, reduce the heat.
6. Simmer for 15-20 minutes under the lid.
7. Take some potatoes, mash them and return them.
8. Rinse the cabbage leaves, dry them, chop them and put them in the almost finished soup.
9. Cook for another 10 minutes, then remove and discard the celery.
10. Finely chop the greens and cloves of garlic, season the soup with them.

Potato soup with noodles

This dish requires a minimum amount of food. This soup is suitable for both adults and children. Onions in broth are practically tasteless, as they are boiled. Since the vegetables are put at the beginning of cooking, the meat turns out to be very tasty. You can substitute the chicken for lean ground beef, but this will make the soup a little fatter, and it will take 30-60 minutes longer to cook.

Ingredients:

• small onion - 1 piece;
• green - to your taste;
• chicken fillet - 800 g;
• premium vermicelli - 200 g;
• potato tubers - 4-5 pcs. ;
• water - 4 liters.

Cooking method:

1. Pour the thoroughly washed meat with water, put the pan on maximum heat.
2. Bring to a boil, drain the liquid.
3. Pour the same amount of water again, bring to a boil again, remove the foam.
4. At this time, peel the onion from the skin, chop finely, add to the broth.
5. Reduce the heat to low, cook for 30-40 minutes until the meat is ready, then remove it, cut into pieces and send back.
6. Cook the vermicelli separately in slightly salted water. This is necessary to prevent the broth from becoming cloudy due to sediment.
7. Peel, rinse and chop the potatoes. Dip the slices into the broth, cook for 5 minutes.
8. Then fill the soup with boiled noodles.

Second

The main course is also vegetables or meat. Cutlets, dumplings, meatballs and meatballs are mostly steamed. Meat can be mashed, goulash and even beef stroganoff or souffle. In the last dish recipe, minced meat is mixed with milk sauce, egg yolks, and whipped whites. The souffle is perfect for the stage when you start gradually introducing moderately allergenic foods. Vegetables can be served as a side dish to meat, but only stewed, stewed or grilled, as frying increases allergy to ingredients.

Cabbage and zucchini puree soup

The advantage of puree soup is a homogeneous soft consistency, so the dish does not irritate the stomach and intestines. In such a recipe, not only meat is used, but also vegetables. An unusual combination - zucchini and cauliflower. The first vegetable has a neutral taste and is therefore combined with many ingredients. In addition, they have no contraindications. Cauliflower is not recommended for digestive problems.

Ingredients:

• zucchini - 2-3 pieces;
• onion head - 1 pc. ;
• celery - 5-7 stalks;
• parsley - 1-2 branches;
• water or weak vegetable broth - 1 liter;
• cauliflower - 1 small head of cabbage;
• low-fat sour cream - 100 g.

Cooking method:

1. Divide the cauliflower inflorescences into smaller ones, peel the zucchini, then rinse the vegetables, including the celery.
2. Cut the onion heads into cubes. Repeat the same with zucchini, celery, cauliflower.
3. Place all the vegetables in the bottom of the pot and cover with water. Boil, cook until the ingredients are soft.
4. Then cool, transfer to a blender bowl, beat until smooth.
5. Pour the mass back into the saucepan, add sour cream, simmer over low heat for a few minutes.
6. When serving, sprinkle with chopped herbs.

Steam dumplings

Knee is understood as one of the types of dumplings - small balls prepared on the basis of minced meat from fish, poultry or other meats. The difference between a dumpling mass and a cut mass is that it is more fluffy and tender. For this reason, dumplings are more suitable for children's diets and hypoallergenic diets. Another feature of such a dish is steaming, as the meat retains more vitamins. In addition, steam quench is easier for the stomach to digest.

Ingredients:

• low-fat milk - 2 tbsp. ;
• egg whites - 2 pieces;
• beef - 800 g;
• whole wheat bread - 1 slice.

Cooking method:

1. Soak the bread in half of the entire serving of milk, leave for half an hour.
2. At this time, chop the meat through a meat grinder.
3. Squeeze the bread, add the minced meat, grind everything through a sieve.
4. Thoroughly mix the resulting mass, add the egg whites.
5. Pour in the remaining milk.
6. Form minced meat into medium balls and place on a steaming plate. Cook for 15 minutes.

Dessert

Although sweets are prohibited on a hypoallergenic diet, you can still diversify your menu with snacks. You just need to cook it properly. The best hypoallergenic desserts are based on fruits, kefir or cottage cheese. The main thing is non-sour fermented milk products. Regular pears, chopped or finely ground, will add to the sweetness. Cottage cheese is the best base for a casserole. It can also be prepared with the addition of allowed fruits. Baked apples are the last popular dessert. They are even combined with cottage cheese - it turns out delicious and healthy.

Cottage cheese casserole

Since eggs belong to the category of products with a high level of allergic activity, it is not recommended to use them with a hypoallergenic diet, especially for children. Casseroles can be prepared without these ingredients. Flour is also easy to replace with semolina, which will give the dish a dense consistency. To add sweetness, it is permissible to add hypoallergenic fruits to the curd. Sugar should be added after the end of a strict diet, i. e. after 7-10 days.

Ingredients:

• pears - 3 pieces;
• low-fat cottage cheese - 400 g;
• sugar - 1 tsp;
• semolina - 4 tbsp. I. ;
• kefir or yogurt without additives - 3 tbsp. l.

Cooking method:

1. Take a bowl, in which to put cottage cheese with yogurt or kefir, mix well.
2. Add cereal, sugar. Stir again.
3. Wash the pears, peel, finely chop.
4. Add the fruit to the curd mass, mix, transfer to a greased baking sheet.
5. Send to the oven for half an hour. The optimal temperature is 180 degrees.

Baked apple

This is the most popular food and at the same time a hypoallergenic dessert. Since allergy sufferers are not advised to eat fresh fruit, they can be roasted. It turns out not only delicious, but also good for the stomach. Apples are the perfect fruit for this dessert. They are baked not only in the oven, but also in the microwave, so the delicacy is prepared very quickly and easily. To make the dessert more useful, you can fill the fruit with cottage cheese. Don't just use recipes where honey has to be added inside the apples.

Ingredients:

• apples - 3 pieces;
• sour cream with a low fat percentage - 2 tbsp. I. ;
• cottage cheese - 100 g;
• vanillin - on the tip of a knife.

Cooking method:

1. Rinse the apples, cutting off the core, but so that the bottom of the fruit remains intact and a kind of cup is formed.
2. Mix cottage cheese with sour cream, add vanillin, bring the mass to a homogeneous consistency.
3. Fill the apples with the curd mixture.
4. Place the fruit on a baking sheet, send to bake for 25-30 minutes at 200 degrees.